Carbon-Based Materials for Oxidative Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Fuels: A Review

Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) are elements naturally found in petroleum-based fuels. S- N-based compounds liquid fuels associated with a series of health environmental issues. Thus, legislation has become stricter worldwide regarding their content related emissions. Traditional treatment systems (namely hydrodesulfurization hydrodenitrogenation) fail to achieve the desired levels S N contents without compromising combustion parameters. oxidative treatments (oxidative desulfurization–ODS, denitrogenation-ODN) emerging as alternatives producing ultra-low-sulfur This paper presents thorough review ODS ODN processes applying carbon-based materials, either hybrid forms or catalysts on own. Focus is brought role carbonaceous structure treatments. Furthermore, special section use amphiphilic catalysts, which have some advantages closer interaction oily aqueous phases, discussed.